中西艺术的结晶——中国鼻烟壶
来源:新视野 new vision
中国鼻烟壶是中西文化交融的结晶，玲珑之态让人爱不释手，在上世纪80年代末逐步形成了收藏鼻烟壶的热潮。鉴于鼻烟壶板块在国内市场上才刚刚走强，相信未来的3～10年间，鼻烟壶的投资和集藏将迎来历史性的黄金时刻。
历史悠久的艺术品
鼻烟壶是随着鼻烟的逐步流行而出现的便携盛器，早在1492年哥伦布发现新大陆后，即将原产在美洲的烟草带到了欧洲，吸闻鼻烟也于16世纪盛行欧洲。明朝万历九年，意大利教士利马窦来中国传教，开始把鼻烟壶带到中国，当作提神醒脑活血防疫药品，治疗风寒、头痛和鼻塞等症。
中国自制的鼻烟壶不晚于清初，清朝的康熙皇帝思想开放，胸怀博大，乐于接受和学习西方国家的科学技术和文化，他在与那些有真才实学、懂科技的外国传教接触交往中，学会了吸闻鼻烟，并养成嗜好。如此上行下效，吸闻鼻烟习俗从宫廷蔓延至民间，作为盛放鼻烟的专用器皿——鼻烟壶也从宫廷流向民间，到康熙朝中后期，宫廷已设制造鼻烟壶的作坊，材质和工艺均出现了飞跃式的发展，此后鼻烟壶的艺水平不断提高，形成了精品荟萃、异彩纷呈和琳琅满目的家族。
清朝末年以后，旱烟、水烟和纸烟的出现逐渐代替了鼻烟，鼻烟壶最终也被社会所淘汰。但作为“集各国多种工艺之大成的袖珍艺术品”，鼻烟壶继续为人们谈论、研究、收藏和玩赏，近年来则开始作为古玩投资品而受人们的重视。
种类繁多增趣味
鼻烟壶是地地道道的舶来品，但传入中国后却在能工巧智慧的运用下，将普普通通的外国玻璃制鼻烟壶演变成蔚为壮观的各种形式艺术品，而纵观各类艺术收藏品，也很少有像鼻烟壶那样能够集各种材质、工艺、造型、纹饰于一身的工艺品，且变化无常，鲜见重复，玲珑之态更让人爱不释手，堪称集中华传统优秀工艺美术之大成。
鼻烟壶种类繁多，从质地上分有玉石类、宝石和晶石类、内画烟壶、料烟壶、杂烟壶等，从工艺上讲则融汇了雕刻、书画以及工艺美术诸领域的各种技法流派; 从造型上看更是千奇百怪、五花八门。
鼻烟壶的纹饰多姿多彩、应有尽有。其中身价较高的集中在清康熙、雍正和乾隆年间，如巧作玛瑙（白玉），套料玻璃，粉彩、珐琅彩（铜胎、瓷胎、料胎）以及名家内画壶等。
鼻烟壶是如何制作的
鼻烟壶是一种传统工艺品，始于明朝，盛于清代。内画鼻烟壶出现于嘉庆末年道光初期。它是用特制的微小勾形画笔，在透明的壶内绘制而成的。最初的内画鼻烟壶是内壁没有磨砂的透明玻璃壶，因为内壁光滑，不易附着墨和颜色，只能画一些简单的画面和图案，比如：蝈蝈白菜、龙、凤和简笔的山水、人物等，后来，艺人们用铁砂和金刚砂加水在鼻烟壶的内面来回的摇磨，这样使鼻鼻烟壶的内壁呈乳白色的磨砂玻璃，细腻而不光滑，容易附着墨色，效果就像宣纸一样，内画鼻烟壶后来出现了一些比较精细的作品，再后来发展为诗书画并茂艺术精品。
鼻烟壶的鉴别方式
凡古玩鉴定，一要看其历史价值（看年代），二要看其艺术价值（做工），或看其是否出自名家之手。而鼻烟壶的鉴别则不然，过去由于鼻烟壶较之其它类别的工艺品出现的年代较晚，所以对他的评估，主要看质量，很少考虑年代的久远。再说，好的鼻烟壶大都在乾隆时代，以后各阶段的作品从未超过它。一般来说，玉及各类宝石所制的鼻烟壶，因其材料昂贵，价值自然高。乾隆时期各类画珐琅彩烟壶也决无低价。工艺精致或出自名家之手的也自然价格可观。上述几类鼻烟壶，皆价逾黄金。
集藏可从多方入手
藏和投资鼻烟壶，必须考虑质料、工艺和年代等因素，初入道者需先易后难，切忌一步登天。由于鼻烟壶的质料多，有瓷质、料质、玛瑙、玉质、金属质等等，可谓包罗万象，家族庞大，选择收藏时应控制自己的收藏范围，而资就必须考虑量力而行，选择那些价位适中、潜力巨大和材质与工艺上乘的品种。
内画鼻烟壶
值得关注的，在清嘉庆道光年间即创制的内画鼻烟壶近年来异军突起。作为中国特有的一种艺术形式被誉为奇特的、瑰丽的、富有价值的艺术珍品，令人如痴如醉。
内画鼻烟壶是中国书画和烟壶造型艺术的结合体，选用透明材质的烟壶，用特制的勾笔伸进壶口，在磨砂内壁做书写和绘画，素有“鬼斧神工”之美誉。当代内画鼻烟壶尤以冀派影响最大，首创“内画系列肖像烟壶”。冀派内画大师的很多作品被国家作为珍贵礼品赠送给外国元首。
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The Chinese Snuff-bottle mingles Chinese and Western cultures, you will fondle admiringly it the moment you touch this exquisite stuff. The collection of the Snuff bottle began to be a upsurge in the last few years in the 1980s .According to its initial appearance in the domestic market ,we believe the upcoming 3-10 years will be the historical golden age for its investment and collection .
A LONG HISTORICAL ART
Snuff-bottle , the portable container of the snuff came out right after the snuff’s prevalence. Dating back to the year 1492 when Columbus found the new continent, he brought the baccy from S.America to Europe . And then the Snuff really made a hit in the 16th century Europe. In the Ming dynasty 9th year of Wanli when a Italian boanerges Limadou was missionizing in China, he brought it here as a medicine for clear-headed, rheumatism, head-ache and snuffle .
In the early days of Qing dynasty, China began to make snuff by herself. Kangxi, a emperor who was really open-minded and willing to study the western scientific skills and culture .In the days with the western missionaries he formed the habbit of snuffing. And this habbit gradually spread from the emperor to the ordinary people. So did the snuff bottle , the appropriative container of snuff. Till the middle and last period years of Kangxi, the palace already had its own workshop of snuff bottle meanwhile the skill and material of making snuff bottle have made huge development , from then on the feat have continued improving . Finally , It became a family full of beautiful things in eyes.
After the last stage of Qing dynasty , tobacco,shisha cigarette gradually took the place of snuff, and the snuff bottle also disappeared. However, as an art mixed with the different cultures,the snuff bottle will continue being talked, researched, collected enjoyed. At the recent years, becoming a investment aim the snuff bottle gains the recognition of more and more people.
INTERESTING WITH ALL SORTS
The snuff bottle is purely exotic, but after the Chinese skillful craftsman’s effort, It changed from an ordinary vitreous snuff bottle to different kinds of artworks. Leaf through all the other sorts of art works you can hardly find one that can not only gather different materials, craftworks, appearances together but also changeable and exquisite . It is the integration of the bright Chinese traditional arts.
The snuff bottle has lots of varieties, differentiate from the texture, there are bowlder, bijou spar and picture inside bottle, vitreous bottle etc. As for the craftwork, it contains the fields like carving, calligraphy and industrial arts . All in all the appearances are really omnifarious.
The veins of snuff bottle is also very colorful and nearly have everything that one expects to find . The most precious are the ones produced in Kangxi , Yongzheng and Qianlong period , like agate ,glass, powder and enamel(copper tube, porcelain tube, vitreous tube) and celeb’s picture inside bottle etc.
HOW TO MAKE SNUFF BOTTLE
The snuff bottle is a traditional artwork, appeared in Tang dynasty and became popular during Qing dynasty. Picture inside bottle appeared in the last period of emperor Jiaqing and the prime period of emperor Daoguang using the tiny brush-pencil draw in inner side the transparent bottle. Initially, the picture inside bottle is transparent that has no rough at the inner side, because of slippery and not easy to accrete the dye, there are just some simple pictures, such as katydid ,cabbage, dragon , phoenix ,simple landscape and people etc. Afterwards, the craftsmen filled the bottle with iron powder and diamond powder then shook in order to abrade the inner side with the white color, exquisite but granulation ,making it easy to accrete black, just like the rice paper. The picture inside bottle became more and more elaborate , finally developed into a art that contains calligraphy, poem and picture.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF SNUFF BOTTLE
When comes to the identification of curiosa, we should first identify its historic value (the decade it was produced in), then its artistic value (the quality), or to see whether it was made by famous artisan. But the identification of SNUFF BOTTLE doesn`t work in that way. In the past, as the snuff bottle appeared later than other curiosa, its identification is mainly concentrated on the quality rather than its producing decade. What`s more, the finest snuff bottles were mainly produced in the Qianlong period. The quality of the ones appeared later were rarely better. Commonly, the snuff bottles made of jade or jelwels are pretty high in value because its expensive material. The series of colored snuff bottles in the Q~ period are also high in price. For its delicate handicraft, or for its made by the famouses, the price is certainly high. The prices of the kinds mentioned above are all thousands of millions.
COLLECT IN VARIOUS WAY
When storing snuff bottle, you have to take into consideration the material, the handicraft, the decade, etc. the new learner will never succeed just in one step, he have begain in the easy things. there are so many snuff bottle materials, a really big family,such as china, agate, jade, metal,etc. then you should be careful about the range of your collection. You have to, of course, take your financial ability into consideration, and choose the ones suitable in price, good in quality and high in value.
THE SNUFF BOTTLE WITH PICTURE INSIDE
The snuff bottle with picture inside, which was created in the Jianqing period in Qing Dynasty, is drawing great attention in recent years. It is known as the peculiar art form of China, and highly praised as peculiar, graceful, and valuable art treasure. It attracted us a lot.
Picture inside bottle is the combination of Chinese calligraphy and snuff bottle’s guise art,using the transparent bottle, the tiny brush-pencil and drawing in the inner side, has the reputation of “Outstanding”. The Hebei clique is the most influential clique in the contemporary picture inside snuff bottle , they created a series of “inner imagery picture snuff bottle”. The works of the specialists from the hebei clique often used as the precious gift that send to the foreign chief of state.
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